Cinnamomum citriodorum Thwaites

Abstract

Cinnamomum citriodorum Thwaites, an evergreen tree of the Family Lauraceae is endemic to Sri Lanka. As a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant, it is recognized for its unique lemon-scented leaves and bioactive bark. Traditionally employed in Ayurveda, Siddha, and folk medicine, the bark and leaves of this plant have been used as digestive aids, carminatives, stimulants, and remedies for respiratory ailments, gastrointestinal disorders, and febrile conditions. C. citriodorum is of pharmacological interest due to its diverse phytochemical profile: 1–2% essential oils, with citral, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and linalool, as main components. The leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, and polysaccharides, which collectively contribute antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Morphologically, the species is characterized by lemon-scented leaves, aromatic thin bark, small pale-yellow flowers, and dark purple drupes. Geographically restricted to Sri Lanka’s wet and intermediate climatic zones, it also occurs in parts of India’s Western Ghats, thriving in humid, loamy soils at elevations ranging from 200 to 1000 m. Due to significant habitat loss caused by overharvesting, the conservation of this species is critical. Modern research highlights its potential in liver cirrhosis management through antioxidant and anti-fibrotic mechanisms, as well as in diabetes, cardiovascular, and neuroprotective therapies. Cultivation practices emphasize seed propagation, air layering, and sustainable bark and leaf harvesting, with subsequent preservation of essential oils. Sustainable conservation and pharmacological exploration remain imperative for future utilization.