Management of Gut MicrobiotaDerived Bacterial Metabolites Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the most common issue in every generation of individuals due to their eating habits, stress, and unhealthy lifestyle. IBD occurs due to chronic inflammation of digestive tract tissues, mainly characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, blood in stool, etc. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are the two variants of IBD that affect the linings of the large intestine, rectum, and gastrointestinal tracts. The human gastrointestinal tract contains trillions of good and bad microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and many others that form gut microbiota. These microorganisms use dietary substances to form metabolites that maintain a healthy gut environment. Excessive use of antibiotics and a high intake of a westernized diet have led to the degradation of good gut bacteria and an increase in the count of bad bacteria, which release harmful metabolites such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, and sphingolipids. These metabolites induce several diseases, of which IBD is one. Prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation are employed for treating bacterial-induced IBD. In this chapter, we will discuss the bacterial metabolites that induce IBD and its treatment strategy.