Heena Bano, Rahul Singh2026-08-292026978-93-6884-460-0http://136.232.12.194:4000/handle/123456789/2138Title: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology Editors: Dr. Imran Hussain & Dr. Sujeet Pratap SinghBreast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease with multifactorial etiologies encompassing genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. It stands as one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting women worldwide, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation within the breast tissue. Advances in molecular biology have uncovered significant insights into tumorigenesis, including the pivotal roles of genes such as BRCA1/2, p53, and HER2, alongside critical pathways like apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. Contemporary diagnostic approaches integrate traditional methods such as mammography with sophisticated genomic profiling to enable early detection and personalized treatment planning. Therapeutic strategies have evolved from conventional chemotherapy and surgery to include targeted therapies and immunotherapy, enhancing treatment outcomes. However, challenges such as drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and treatment side effects persist. This chapter aims to provide a detailed overview of the mechanisms underlying breast cancer development, molecular diagnostics, current therapeutic interventions, and emerging treatment paradigms.en-USBreast cancerBreast cancer mechanismHER2Signaling pathwaysTherapeutic interventionsDiagnosisBook chapter