Nilofer, Abdul Mazeed, Mohammad Israil Ansari2026-10-232027978‐1‐041‐16092‐210.1201/9781003681755-6http://136.232.12.194:4000/handle/123456789/2292Plant Secondary Metabolites in Ecological, Biochemical, and Agricultural Systems Edited by Azamal HusenThe chapter provides an integrated overview of flavonoids as diverse plant secondary metabolites, covering their classification, chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, analytical methods, ecological functions, and roles in plant defense, stress tolerance, pigmentation, and plant–environment interactions.en-USFlavonoidssecondary metabolitesbiosynthesisphenolic compoundsplant defenseecological interactionsantioxidant activityplant stressHPLCNMRBook chapter