Faria Fatima, Deepti Srivastava, Abdul Mazeed, P. Smriti Rao2026-05-062026978-3-032-12254-4https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-12255-1_12http://136.232.12.194:4000/handle/123456789/1815Composting of Farm Residues by Nature-Based Solutions: A Potential Key Towards Sustainable Agricultural Practices Editors: Rupesh Kumar Singh, Henrique Trindade, João Ricardo Sousa, Arne Sæbø, Vishnu D. Rajput, Tao ZhangNanotechnology is now developing and growing more quickly across a variety of industries. Nanoparticles (NPs) enter the composts in various ways as a result of this development. First, NPs may inadvertently enter composts through surface runoff, buried solid waste, waste discharge, or direct dumping into waste (food, medicine, consumer goods, and personal care items). Second, a novel strategy created to speed up waste breakdown and act as a nutrient for plants is the deliberate mediation of NPs in the composting process. Nanotoxicity may result from the presence of NPs in the composts. On the other hand, their existence may also be advantageous in situations like soil reclamation, degradation, etc. On the other hand, all living things, including microbes, benefit from metal nanoparticles (NPs) in a number of biological activities, including transcription, oxidative stress responses, respiration, precursor biosynthesis, and DNA replication. NPs perform admirably in a variety of domains, and it is worthwhile to investigate their function in the composting process. As a result, this chapter contributes to the comprehension of NPs’ function in the composting process and the extent to which their presence can be advantageous. The importance of NPs in the composting process, the performance of microbial bioprocesses during nanocomposting, the fundamental life cycle assessment (LCA) of NP-mediated composting, and the mechanism of action of NPs in the soil matrix are all reviewed in this chapter. Additionally, this chapter clarifies the concept of nanozymes and emphasizes their biocatalytic characteristics, which will be useful for researching composting in the future.en-USNanotechnologyCompostingNanoparticlesNanozymesSoil HealthWaste ManagementSustainable AgricultureMicrobial BioprocessesBook chapter